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A marine biogenic source of atmospheric ice-nucleating particles
The presence of ice in clouds can influence cloud lifetime, precipitation and radiative properties; here, organic material at the sea–air interface, possibly associated with phytoplankton cell exudates, is shown to nucleate ice under conditions…
Agricultural policy: Govern our soils
Luca Montanarella calls for a voluntary international agreement to protect the ground beneath our feet from erosion and degradation.
Agriculture: Increase water harvesting in Africa
Meeting global food needs requires strategies for storing rainwater and retaining soil moisture to bridge dry spells
Australia is ‘free to choose’ economic growth and falling environmental pressures
A multi-model framework that accounts for climate, water, energy, food, biodiversity and economic activity in Australia reveals that a sustainable society that enjoys economic improvement without ecological deterioration is possible, but that…
Beauty varies with the light
Experimental work on guppies suggests that variation in light between microhabitats is what makes females prefer different male signal combinations, thus explaining the evolution and persistence of colour variation in males.
Before we drown we may die of thirst
The island nation of Kiribati is one of the world's most vulnerable to rising sea levels. But residents may have to leave well before the ocean claims their homes.
Biodiversity increases the resistance of ecosystem productivity to climate extremes
Data from experiments that manipulated grassland biodiversity across Europe and North America show that biodiversity increases an ecosystem’s resistance to, although not resilience after, climate extremes.
Biogeography of Mediterranean Hotspot
Biodiversity Re-Evaluating the 'Tertiary
Relict' Hypothesis of Macaronesian Laurel
Forests
The Macaronesian laurel forests (MLF) are dominated by trees with a laurophyll habit comparable to evergreen humid forests which were scattered across Europe and the Mediterranean in the Paleogene and Neogene. Therefore, MLF are traditionally…
Broad plumes rooted at the base of the Earth's mantle beneath major hotspots
A whole-mantle seismic imaging technique, combining accurate wavefield computations with information contained in whole seismic waveforms, is used to reveal the presence of broad conduits beneath many of Earth’s surface hotspots, supporting the idea…
Climate change and the permafrost carbon feedback
A large amount of organic carbon stored in frozen Arctic soils (permafrost) could be released as carbon dioxide and methane in a warming climate, which would accelerate the pace of climate change; this review suggests that release of greenhouse gas…
Contribution of changes in atmospheric circulation patterns to extreme temperature trends
This study identifies statistically significant trends in mid-atmospheric circulation patterns that partially explain observed changes in extreme temperature occurrence over Eurasia and North America; although the underlying cause of circulation…
Decadal slowdown of a land-terminating sector of the Greenland Ice Sheet despite warming
Whether or not an increase in meltwater will make ice sheets move more quickly has been contentious, because water lubricates the ice–rock interface and speeds up the ice, but also stimulates the development of efficient drainage; now, a long-term…
Decrease in CO2 efflux from northern hardwater lakes with increasing atmospheric warming
Boreal lakes are biogeochemical hotspots that alter carbon fluxes by sequestering particulate organic carbon in sediments1, 2 and by oxidizing terrestrial dissolved organic matter to carbon dioxide (CO2) or methane through microbial processes3, 4. At…
Deserts: Geology and Resources
Contents: What Is a Desert; How the Atmosphere Influences Aridity; Where Deserts Form; Types of Deserts; Desert Features; Eolian Processes; Types of Dunes; Remote Sensing of Arid Lands; Mineral Resources in Deserts; Desertification.
Drought impact on forest carbon dynamics and fluxes in Amazonia
Severe drought in a tropical forest ecosystem suppresses photosynthetic carbon uptake and plant maintenance respiration, but growth is maintained, suggesting that, overall, less carbon is available for tree tissue maintenance and defence, which may…
Ecosystems: Time to model all life on Earth
The authors discuss the importance for international authorities such as the Intergovernmental Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services to simulate the physics and chemistry of the ecosystem to better understand the climate system. They…
Erosion of organic carbon in the Arctic as a geological carbon dioxide sink
Robert G. Hilton, Valier Galy, Jérôme Gaillardet, Mathieu Dellinger, Charlotte Bryant, Matt O'Regan, Darren R. Gröcke, Helen Coxall, Julien Bouchez & Damien Calmels
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Uwekind Harvard Style Referencing Guide
Като ученици в International School Uwekind вие знаете, че голяма част от учебния процес е базиран на проучвания. Затова е важно при създаването на…