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Influence of extreme weather disasters on global crop production
In recent years, several extreme weather disasters have partially or completely damaged regional crop production1, 2, 3, 4, 5. While detailed regional accounts of the effects of extreme weather disasters exist, the global scale effects of droughts,…
Holocene shifts in the assembly of plant and animal communities implicate human impacts
Understanding how ecological communities are organized and how they change through time is critical to predicting the effects of climate change1. Recent work documenting the co-occurrence structure of modern communities found that most significant…
The best science images of 2015
From Pluto to viral structures, this year produced an array of dazzling pictures.
Grassland biodiversity bounces back from long-term nitrogen addition
The negative effect of increasing atmospheric nitrogen (N) pollution on grassland biodiversity is now incontrovertible1, 2, 3. However, the recent introduction of cleaner technologies in the UK has led to reductions in the emissions of nitrogen…
Rarity in mass extinctions and the future of ecosystems
The fossil record provides striking case studies of biodiversity loss and global ecosystem upheaval. Because of this, many studies have sought to assess the magnitude of the current biodiversity crisis relative to past crises—a task greatly…
Thermal biases and vulnerability to warming in the world’s marine fauna
A critical assumption underlying projections of biodiversity change associated with global warming is that ecological communities comprise balanced mixes of warm-affinity and cool-affinity species which, on average, approximate local environmental…
Soil biodiversity and human health
Soil biodiversity sustains human health and its loss can be mitigated by sustainable management.
Agricultural policy: Govern our soils
Luca Montanarella calls for a voluntary international agreement to protect the ground beneath our feet from erosion and degradation.
Global climate agreement: After the talks
The real business of decarbonization begins after an agreement is signed at the Paris climate conference, argue David G. Victor and James P. Leape.
The effects of life history and sexual selection on male and female plumage colouration
Classical sexual selection theory1, 2, 3, 4 provides a well-supported conceptual framework for understanding the evolution and signalling function of male ornaments. It predicts that males obtain greater fitness benefits than females through multiple…
North Pacific deglacial hypoxic events linked to abrupt ocean warming
Marine sediments from the North Pacific document two episodes of expansion and strengthening of the subsurface oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) accompanied by seafloor hypoxia during the last deglacial transition1, 2, 3, 4. The mechanisms driving this…
Sustainability: Transfer project cannot meet China's water needs
Better local water management is the way to keep pace with escalating demands, not pumping water across the country, warn Jon Barnett and colleagues.
Plate tectonics on the Earth triggered by plume-induced subduction initiation
Scientific theories of how subduction and plate tectonics began on Earth—and what the tectonic structure of Earth was before this—remain enigmatic and contentious1. Understanding viable scenarios for the onset of subduction and plate tectonics2, 3 is…
Plate tectonics on the Earth triggered by plume-induced subduction initiation
Scientific theories of how subduction and plate tectonics began on Earth—and what the tectonic structure of Earth was before this—remain enigmatic and contentious1. Understanding viable scenarios for the onset of subduction and plate tectonics2, 3 is…
Soil biodiversity and soil community composition determine ecosystem multifunctionality
An article about how soil diversity and soil community composition determine ecosystem multifunctionality
Human geography and archaeology
This essay explores the scope for greater engagement between human geographers and archaeologists, by taking a first step towards identifying convergences in theoretical development and possible topics for dialogue. Focusing on culturalgeography and…
Invasion, Competition, and Biodiversity Loss in Urban Ecosystems
The global decline in biodiversity as a result of urbanization remains poorly understood. Whereas habitat destruction accounts for losses at the species level, it may not explain diversity loss at the community level, because urban centers also…
A Rosetta Stone for Nature’s Benefits to People
After a long incubation period, the Intergovernmental Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) is now underway. Underpinning all its activities is the IPBES Conceptual Framework (CF), a simplified model of the interactions between…
A Global System for Monitoring Ecosystem Service Change
Earth's life-support systems are in flux, yet no centralized system to monitor and report these changes exists. Recognizing this, 77 nations agreed to establish the Group on Earth Observations (GEO). The GEO Biodiversity Observation Network (GEO BON)…
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MegaRegions
Emerging MegaRegions in the Unites States. Megaregions are characterized by a socio-spatial expansion of population, commerce, and resources across a…